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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Java-常用加密算法(一)---单向加密算法(MD5-SHA)</h1>
        

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        <p>###Java 常用加密算法(一)—单向加密算法(MD5/SHA)</p>
<ol>
<li>MD5加密<br> MD5以512位分组来处理输入的信息，且每一分组又被划分为16个32位子分组，经过了一系列的处理后，算法的输出由四个32位分组组成，将这四个32位分组级联后将生成一个128位散列值。<br> 在MD5算法中，首先需要对信息进行填充，使其位长对512求余的结果等于448。因此，信息的位长（Bits Length）将被扩展至N<em>512+448，N为一个非负整数，N可以是零。填充的方法如下，在信息的后面填充一个1和无数个0，直到满足上面的条件时才停止用0对信息的填充。然后，在这个结果后面附加一个以64位二进制表示的填充前信息长度。经过这两步的处理，信息的位长=N</em>512+448+64=(N+1）*512，即长度恰好是512的整数倍。这样做的原因是为满足后面处理中对信息长度的要求。</li>
</ol>
<a id="more"></a>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/**</span><br><span class="line"> * MD5 加密工具类</span><br><span class="line"> * @author mazaiting</span><br><span class="line"> */</span><br><span class="line">public class Md5Util &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	/**</span><br><span class="line">	 * MD5 加密 生成32位MD5码</span><br><span class="line">	 * @param source 需要加密的字符串</span><br><span class="line">	 * @return 32位MD5码</span><br><span class="line">	 */</span><br><span class="line">	public static String encode(String source) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		try &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			// 获得MD5 消息摘要</span><br><span class="line">			MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance(&quot;MD5&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">			// 获得指定编码的字节数据</span><br><span class="line">			byte[] sourceBytes = source.getBytes(&quot;UTF-8&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">			// 指定的字节数组对摘要执行最终更新</span><br><span class="line">			byte[] digestBytes = messageDigest.digest(sourceBytes);</span><br><span class="line">			StringBuffer hexValue = new StringBuffer();</span><br><span class="line">			</span><br><span class="line">			for (int i = 0; i &lt; digestBytes.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">				int val = (digestBytes[i] &amp; 0xff);</span><br><span class="line">				if (val &lt; 16)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">					hexValue.append(&quot;0&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">				&#125;</span><br><span class="line">				hexValue.append(Integer.toHexString(val));</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			</span><br><span class="line">			return hexValue.toString();	</span><br><span class="line">		&#125; catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			return null;// 获得MD5 消息摘要异常</span><br><span class="line">		&#125; catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			return null;// 获得指定编码的字节数据异常</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;		</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li>SHA<br>SHA是一种<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/878529.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">数据加密算法</a>，该算法经过加密专家多年来的发展和改进已日益完善，现在已成为公认的最安全的散列算法之一，并被广泛使用。该算法的思想是接收一段明文，然后以一种不可逆的方式将它转换成一段（通常更小）密文，也可以简单的理解为取一串输入码（称为预映射或信息），并把它们转化为长度较短、位数固定的输出序列即散列值（也称为信息摘要或信息认证代码）的过程。散列函数值可以说是对明文的一种“<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/5628.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">指纹</a>”或是“摘要”所以对散列值的<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7626.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">数字签名</a>就可以视为对此明文的数字签名。<pre><code>[安全散列算法](http://baike.baidu.com/view/1984487.htm)SHA（Secure Hash Algorithm，SHA)是美国国家标准技术研究所发布的国家标准FIPS PUB 180，最新的标准已经于2008年更新到FIPS PUB 180-3。其中规定了SHA-1，SHA-224，SHA-256，SHA-384，和SHA-512这几种[单向散列算法](http://baike.baidu.com/view/4481025.htm)。SHA-1，SHA-224和SHA-256适用于长度不超过2^64二进制位的消息。SHA-384和SHA-512适用于长度不超过2^128二进制位的消息。
</code></pre><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/**</span><br><span class="line"> * 采用SHA 加密</span><br><span class="line"> * @author mazaiting</span><br><span class="line"> */</span><br><span class="line">public class SHAUtil &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	/**</span><br><span class="line">	 * SHA 加密 生成40位SHA码</span><br><span class="line">	 * @param source 待加密字符串</span><br><span class="line">	 * @return 返回40位SHA码</span><br><span class="line">	 */</span><br><span class="line">	public static String encode(String source) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		try &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			// 获取SHA的消息摘要</span><br><span class="line">			MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance(&quot;SHA&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">			// 获取指定编码的字符串字节数组</span><br><span class="line">			byte[] sourceBytes = source.getBytes(&quot;UTF-8&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">			// 对指定字节数据进行更新</span><br><span class="line">			byte[] digestBytes = messageDigest.digest(sourceBytes);</span><br><span class="line">				</span><br><span class="line">			StringBuffer hexValue = new StringBuffer();</span><br><span class="line">			for (int i = 0; i &lt; digestBytes.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">				int val = (digestBytes[i] &amp; 0xff);</span><br><span class="line">				if (val &lt; 16) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">					hexValue.append(&quot;0&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">				&#125;</span><br><span class="line">				hexValue.append(Integer.toHexString(val));</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			</span><br><span class="line">			return hexValue.toString();</span><br><span class="line">		&#125; catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			return null;// 获取SHA的消息摘要异常</span><br><span class="line">		&#125; catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			return null;// 获取指定编码的字符串字节数组失败</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;		</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
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<p><a href="http://git.oschina.net/zaitingma/codes/oi89sbcrmvq613hnkzdge10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">代码下载</a></p>

      
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